See (s)pend- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"word": "spīst"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "spiêst"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "spę́sti"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pettädäk"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*spenˀstei"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*pendō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)pénd-e-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*pǫditi"
}
],
"lang": "Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)pond-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*pendēō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)pn̥d-éh₁ye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*pę̑dь"
}
],
"lang": "Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)pénd-i-s ~ *(s)pn̥d-éy-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "pondus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*pondos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)pénd-os ~ *(s)pénd-es-"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly reanalyzed root of *(s)penh₁- (“to spin (thread); to stretch”) plus a suffix similar to *-dʰh₁eti, but not identical to it in view of the Balto-Slavic accent. Alternatively, a variant of the former root via the Kortlandt effect, which proposes that PIE *d becomes *h₁ under certain circumstances.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)pend-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European sCeRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stretch"
],
"id": "en-(s)pend--ine-pro-root-7sLqAhwT",
"links": [
[
"stretch",
"stretch"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "(s)penh₁-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "(s)pend-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"word": "spīst"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "spiêst"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "spę́sti"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pettädäk"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*spenˀstei"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*pendō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)pénd-e-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*pǫditi"
}
],
"lang": "Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)pond-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*pendēō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)pn̥d-éh₁ye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*pę̑dь"
}
],
"lang": "Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)pénd-i-s ~ *(s)pn̥d-éy-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "pondus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*pondos"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*(s)pénd-os ~ *(s)pénd-es-"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly reanalyzed root of *(s)penh₁- (“to spin (thread); to stretch”) plus a suffix similar to *-dʰh₁eti, but not identical to it in view of the Balto-Slavic accent. Alternatively, a variant of the former root via the Kortlandt effect, which proposes that PIE *d becomes *h₁ under certain circumstances.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)pend-",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"word": "(s)penh₁-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"Proto-Indo-European sCeRC-shaped roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to stretch"
],
"links": [
[
"stretch",
"stretch"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "(s)pend-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for (s)pend- meaning in All languages combined (2.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.